Austria CV Format 2026: Lebenslauf Norms, Collective Pay, Permits and Tax

By AIResume Editorial Team

Last updated: 31 October 2026

An Austrian CV (Lebenslauf) is a tabular, reverse-chronological document of about two pages. According to the Austrian Business Agency's career guide, a photo is not compulsory but customary in Austria, and the usual package is a CV with a photo, a detailed motivation letter and often certified certificates.[^1] None of this is law. What the law does regulate is what an employer may say in a job advert, what it may ask and keep, what a work reference must contain, and what you are paid and charged once you are hired.

This guide covers the CV and the cover letter (Bewerbungsschreiben), equal-treatment and data rules, an annotated fictional CV, recognition of foreign qualifications, pay under collective agreements, the economy, work permits, labour law, social security, taxes and job scams. It is written for EU/EEA nationals, for Swiss and UK nationals, for non-EU skilled workers who want a Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte (Red-White-Red Card) or an EU Blue Card, for international graduates, for Working Holiday makers and for Japanese nationals. For job boards and a longer look at the labour market, see our Austria job-board guide; this article summarises its permit and tax sections and does not repeat its board lists.

Editorial boundary: This is practical job-search guidance, not legal, immigration or tax advice. Our references are the law texts in the RIS legal database, oesterreich.gv.at and the business portal USP, migration.gv.at, the AMS (public employment service), the Arbeiterkammer (AK), the WKO (Chamber of Commerce), the ÖGK (health insurance fund) and the social insurance Dachverband, the Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF), the Datenschutzbehörde (DSB, data protection authority), aais.at and ENIC NARIC AUSTRIA, Statistik Austria and the ECB. We only list figures we could read in an official or primary source, and we mark the rest as "commonly advised", "reported" or "likely". Some sources could not be opened normally: the RIS website blocks automated access, so we read the consolidated law texts through the official RIS open-data interface (check each section once on RIS); the MOFA site refused automated requests, so we read it in a browser; Arbeiterkammer pages did not open from our test machine, so we do not use them; and the portal allejobs.ams.at did not respond, so we use jobs.ams.at.

Exchange rates move daily. This guide uses the European Central Bank reference rates of 30 October 2026: EUR 1 = USD 1.1172 = JPY 175.68. At those rates EUR 2,000 a month is about US$2,230 / JPY 351,000.[^2][^3]

Austrian CV format at a glance

Equal treatment, personal data and fair hiring

What employers may not do or ask

The Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (GlBG). The act (BGBl. I Nr. 66/2004) covers gender in Part I and ethnic origin, religion or belief, age and sexual orientation in Part II. Disability is covered by a different law, the Behinderteneinstellungsgesetz.[^7] Age discrimination in hiring falls under § 17 Abs. 1 Z 1 GlBG. A job advert may not be aimed only at men or only at women unless that is essential (§ 9 Abs. 1), and discriminatory adverts are covered by § 23, with a fine of up to EUR 360 (about US$402 / JPY 63,200) under § 24.[^8][^9] The addition "(m/w/d)" is common practice, not wording from the law.

Pay in job adverts (§ 9 Abs. 2 GlBG). An employer or private placement agent must state in the advert the minimum pay under the applicable collective agreement and point out any willingness to pay more. Where no agreement or legal minimum exists, the advert must state the pay that serves as the basis for contract negotiations. The WKO says the duty also applies to part-time and marginal jobs.[^8][^10] Enforcement is weak by design: on a complaint by an applicant or by the Gleichbehandlungsanwaltschaft (the equal treatment ombud), the district authority issues a warning for the first breach and a fine of up to EUR 360 for further breaches (§ 10). Applicants get no individual claim from a missing pay statement.[^11][^10] The EU Pay Transparency Directive (2023/970) had to be transposed by 7 June 2026; Austria has not yet done so. According to a parliamentary answer of 30 September 2026, the government draft has been in internal political coordination since early June, and a public consultation is to follow.[^12] So § 9 Abs. 2 GlBG is still the law, and a pay-range rule is expected later.

Questions about pregnancy and family. The law does not list forbidden questions; they come from the GlBG ban on discrimination and from case law. The WKO's 2026 employer guide says questions about pregnancy and family status are inadmissible and need not be answered truthfully. If a woman is refused only because of a pregnancy, she can claim damages.[^4] The Mutterschutzgesetz does not contain this "right to lie".

Claiming after a rejection. A claim for a refused hire must be brought in court within six months, counted from the rejection (§ 15 Abs. 1 GlBG for gender, § 29 Abs. 1 for the other grounds). Compensation for a failed hire is at least two monthly salaries if the person would have got the job, and up to EUR 500 (about US$559 / JPY 87,800) if the application was only not considered (§ 26 Abs. 1). The Gleichbehandlungskommission is a separate route.[^7]

Personal data and how long employers keep applications

Austria applies the GDPR through the Datenschutzgesetz (DSG) and the Datenschutzbehörde decides complaints. The only retention benchmark we could read is one decision of the DSB, DSB-D123.085/0003-DSB/2018 of 27 August 2018, which accepted that a staffing firm kept its applicant database for seven months from receipt of the application: the six-month GlBG window plus one month for the court route. It is a single decision and not general DSB guidance.[^13] Do not read it as a statutory deadline. Employers also may not generally demand a police certificate; public service and, for example, security services may.[^4]

Criminal record certificate (Strafregisterbescheinigung)

An Austrian certificate is issued on your own application by the mayor, the Landespolizeidirektion or an Austrian mission abroad (§ 10 Strafregistergesetz).[^14] According to oesterreich.gv.at it must in most cases be no older than three months, and special versions for work with children and young people, care or terrorism-related checks need a written request from the employer.[^15] Fees changed on 1 January 2026, but we could not read the amount, so we print none. Apply only when an employer asks, as the WKO guide says it may not ask for one in general.

Structure of an Austrian CV (Lebenslauf)

The ABA guide supports the following order; the rest is editorial advice.

1. Persönliche Daten (personal data). Name, address, e-mail and phone, and a photo if you choose to add one. Nationality and residence permit as two separate lines for non-EU applicants.[^1]
2. Berufserfahrung (work experience). From the latest job backwards, with employer, job title, place and dates. Under each job add two to four bullets with a result you can defend at interview. In the German-speaking area CVs are almost always tabular, with dates in a left column.[^1]
3. Ausbildung (education). Highest degree first. Give the official name of the award and, for a foreign degree, mention an evaluation by ENIC NARIC AUSTRIA if you have one (see below).[^1]
4. Kenntnisse (skills). Hard and soft skills that the advert asks for.[^1]
5. Sprachen (languages). Levels on the European CEFR scale, for example "German B2, English C1", not adjectives.[^1]
6. Interessen (interests). The ABA guide does not list interests as required. Add one line only if it is relevant.

For academic titles such as Mag. or Dr., use the form shown on your diploma. Write achievements as numbers where you can and avoid superlatives. For an applicant tracking system (ATS), use plain headings, one column and standard fonts, and mirror the advert's keywords honestly; our ATS-friendly CV guide explains how.

What is specifically Austrian

German-language CVs look similar across Austria, Germany and Switzerland, but a few Austrian rules and habits matter when you reuse a CV written for a neighbouring market. For those markets, see our Germany job-board guide and Switzerland CV format guide.

Annotated fictional Austrian CV

The sample is entirely fictional: person, employers, contacts and numbers. It sets no legal rule, and employers are described generically on purpose. Replace every item with truthful information.

Hanna Beispiel, Production Planner · Linz · [email protected] · +43 660 XXX XXXX

*Annotation: fictional contacts. City or street address is normal. A recent photo of about 4 x 5 cm would sit at the top right if you follow the ABA guide.*

Staatsangehörigkeit: Japan · Aufenthaltstitel: Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte, valid to June 2028 (fictional)

*Annotation: nationality and permit are two different facts, so use two labels. EU/EEA applicants leave the permit out.*

Berufserfahrung

*Annotation: tabular, latest job first, with one result per role. If readers will not know the firm, say what it makes and roughly how large it is.*

Ausbildung

*Annotation: give the official name of the award. School certificates are handled by a different office (see below).*

Kenntnisse: SAP (daily user) · Excel (pivot tables) · lean methods · Python (basic)

Sprachen: Japanese (native) · English (C1) · German (B2)

Interessen: Volunteer coach for a youth volleyball team in Graz; weekend hiking.

*Annotation: one line, and only if relevant. Add "Dienstzeugnisse available on request" only if true.*

Cover letter (Bewerbungsschreiben), references and documents

The cover letter. The ABA guide calls the Motivationsschreiben a clear, positively worded and structured letter and advises against openings such as "Hiermit bewerbe ich mich".[^1] Commonly advised content: a first line that names the job, one paragraph on why this employer, one or two on evidence from your experience and a closing line on availability. No law requires a letter.

Open application (Initiativbewerbung) and selection. Many employers accept applications without a vacancy; commonly advised: name the team you aim for and send a CV with a short letter. Interviews, tests and assessment days are commonly reported, and we found no official standard.

Work reference (Dienstzeugnis). At the end of the job you can ask for a written reference. For white-collar employees § 39 Abs. 1 AngG and for other employees § 1163 Abs. 1 ABGB say it must state the duration and the kind of work, and entries that make it harder to find a new job are not allowed.[^5][^6] The law does not ask for a performance grade. Coded phrases in references are widely discussed in the German-speaking area, but we found no Austrian source that sets such a code, so read each sentence for what it says.

Written terms of employment (Dienstzettel). Under § 2 AVRAG, as amended in 2024, the employer must hand over or send electronically a written record "unverzüglich" (without delay) after the start of the employment. It lists items such as the parties, the start, the notice rules, the place of work, the job description, pay, leave, hours, the collective agreement and the staff provision fund. Under § 7a AVRAG a breach is fined at EUR 100 to 436 (about US$112 to US$487 / JPY 17,600 to JPY 76,600), or EUR 500 to 2,000 (about US$559 to US$2,234 / JPY 87,800 to JPY 351,000) if more than five employees are affected or a penalty was imposed in the previous three years.[^17][^18]

Probation. A probation period can last at most one month (§ 19 Abs. 2 AngG).[^18]

Registration and insurance. After you move you register your address with a Meldezettel, and employees receive an e-card for health insurance. Ask your employer or the municipality about the exact steps and about opening a bank account.

Foreign qualifications, languages and regulated professions

Evaluation of a degree. ENIC NARIC AUSTRIA ("Credential Evaluation im OeAD"), reached through aais.at, issues evaluations on behalf of the ministry for qualifications from recognised universities worldwide. The application is online and payment is by credit card only. We could not read a fee or a processing time, so plan for delay. School certificates go to the Education Ministry through asbb.at. The ÖIF (Austrian Integration Fund) can refund evaluation fees.[^19][^20]

Regulated professions. For regulated professions, the information site berufsanerkennung.at explains procedures, law and funding, and the contact points listed at anlaufstelle-anerkennung.at give free advice.[^21][^22] We found no primary source for required language levels in health professions, so ask the competent body.

Apostille and documents for Japanese applicants

Austria (in force 13 January 1968) and Japan (in force 27 July 1970) are both parties to the Hague Apostille Convention.[^23] The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department page, updated 3 August 2026, says a Japanese criminal-record certificate is issued free of charge by the prefectural police of your registered address, in person with fingerprints, only if a foreign public body requests it, and takes about two weeks. It is issued sealed, in Japanese, English, French, Spanish and German side by side, and the Apostille is added at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[^24] A separate sworn German translation of the certificate itself is therefore generally not needed, but the Austrian body that receives it decides. An Austrian employer will usually ask for an Austrian certificate once you live there, not a Japanese one.

Pay: no statutory minimum wage, collective agreements instead

Austria has no general statutory minimum wage. Pay floors come from collective agreements (Kollektivverträge, KV), and about 98% of employees are covered, according to WKO and the union GPA; this is not a Statistik Austria figure.[^16] Where no effective agreement exists, the Bundeseinigungsamt can set a Mindestlohntarif under § 22 ArbVG.[^18] Agreements usually pay 14 times a year: twelve monthly salaries plus two special payments, often called the 13th and 14th salary. Those payments come from the agreement, not from a statute.

The IT-KV deal of 10 March 2026 runs from 1 January to 31 December 2026 and raised minimum pay by 2.7 to 3.1% with retroactive effect. For hotels and restaurants, pay differs by federal state and rises on 1 October 2026 by fixed amounts, so open the table for your state.[^28][^29]

At EUR 2,090 a month and 14 payments, the retail entry salary is EUR 29,260 a year (about US$32,690 / JPY 5.14 million). Special payments are taxed at 6% within a limit (see the tax section). We give no net-pay example, because the result depends on your situation.

The marginal-employment threshold (Geringfügigkeitsgrenze) is EUR 551.10 a month (about US$616 / JPY 96,800) in 2026, unchanged from 2025.[^30] The permit thresholds for non-EU workers are in the permits section below.

What this means for a job seeker: compare an offer with the agreement for the sector, check whether it is paid 14 times, and ask which group and which years of experience the employer has placed you in. The advert should already name the agreement minimum.

Austria's economy in numbers

*Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (accessed 21 October 2026).*[^31]

World Bank (ILO-modelled) unemployment for 2025 is 5.6%, with youth (ages 15 to 24) at 11.0%, and the World Bank counts an international migrant stock of 2,327,064 for 2024.[^31] The national figures are more recent. At the end of September 2026 the AMS counted 306,624 registered unemployed people, a national rate of 7.1%, against dependent employment of 4,007,000.[^32] The Eurostat rate (international definition) was 6.7% in August 2026, and the two rates are not comparable.[^33] On 1 January 2026, 1,881,309 foreign citizens lived in Austria (20.4%), and 22.9% of residents were born abroad.[^34]

What this means for a job seeker: growth of 0.6% in 2025 followed two years of small contractions, and an AMS rate of 7.1% means the market is softer than the high GDP per person suggests. About one in five residents holds a foreign passport, so employers are used to international colleagues, and a CV tailored to the advert matters more than volume.

Work permits and rules for foreign workers

EU/EEA citizens may work without a permit. If you stay longer than three months you must report your stay within four months of entry, and the registration certificate (Anmeldebescheinigung) is issued on application by the local authority, which is the MA 35 in Vienna.[^35] Swiss and UK nationals should check the rules for their own case on migration.gv.at.

Non-EU nationals need a permit tied to a qualification route. The Red-White-Red (RWR) Card is valid for 24 months, and the routes in 2026 are:

• Very highly qualified workers. At least 70 of 100 points. There is a six-month job-seeker visa for this route.[^36]
• Skilled workers in shortage occupations. 55 points and an occupation on the 2026 national list of 64 occupations (BGBl. II Nr. 316/2025, valid 1 January to 31 December 2026), plus regional lists. Match the official job title.[^37][^38]
• Other key workers. At least EUR 3,465 gross per month (about US$3,871 / JPY 609,000) plus the 13th and 14th payments, which is 50% of the monthly contribution ceiling (§ 12b Z 1 AuslBG), and 55 of 90 points, with a labour-market test.[^39]
• Graduates of Austrian universities. Pay at least the customary level for domestic graduates; the labour-market test falls away (§ 12b Z 2 AuslBG).[^18]
• EU Blue Card. At least EUR 55,678 gross per year including special payments (about US$62,203 / JPY 9.78 million), which is the average gross income of full-time employees in Austria, not the median. A labour-market test applies and there is no points system.[^40]
• Self-employed key workers and start-up founders. Covered in the job-board guide.
• RWR Card Plus. Available after 21 months of qualifying employment within the 24 months of the RWR Card.[^41]

The fee for a first RWR application is EUR 218 (about US$244 / JPY 38,300).[^39] Visa-exempt nationals, including Japanese, may stay 90 days in any 180 without a visa, and may file an RWR or Blue Card application in Austria during their lawful stay (§ 21 Abs. 2 Z 5 to 7 NAG).[^18] Students should ask their university or the authority about the weekly working-hour limit.

Illegal employment. Under § 28 AuslBG, employing a foreigner without the right papers is fined at EUR 1,000 to 10,000 per worker for up to three workers (EUR 2,000 to 20,000 on repeat), and at EUR 2,000 to 20,000 per worker above three workers (EUR 4,000 to 50,000 on repeat). Employers therefore ask for proof of the right to work.[^18]

Japanese nationals

Japanese nationals need a work-capable permit for a job in Austria, apart from the Working Holiday below. The Japan-Austria Working Holiday scheme started in 2016: MOFA's list, as of 1 April 2026, shows an annual quota of 200 and the general age range of 18 to 30 at application.[^42] The Austrian foreign ministry says working-holiday stays last six to twelve months depending on the programme, the visa is issued only abroad at an Austrian mission, and the application is made at the earliest six months and, if possible, not later than three weeks before the start. Work needs no permit.[^43] Check the exact length for Japanese applicants with the Austrian Embassy in Tokyo.

Agreements. The Japan-Austria social security agreement was signed on 19 January 2024 and entered into force on 1 December 2025.[^44] The Japan-Austria tax treaty was signed in Vienna on 30 January 2017, entered into force on 27 October 2018 and applies to income taxes from 1 January 2019, replacing the 1963 treaty.[^45] MOFA counted 3,415 Japanese nationals in Austria on 1 October 2025: 1,403 long-stay and 2,012 permanent residents.[^46]

What this means for a job seeker: an EU/EEA citizen can start at once and register within four months. A non-EU applicant needs a route with a points test and a pay floor, so check your offer against EUR 3,465 a month or EUR 55,678 a year before you apply, and do not give notice or travel to start work until the permit is granted.

Labour law: hours, leave, notice and dismissal

*Source: consolidated federal law, read in the RIS open-data interface on 31 October 2026.*[^18]

2026 public holidays

Section 7 Abs. 2 ARG lists 13 public holidays. In 2026 they fall on:[^18]

Three holidays fall on a weekend (15 August, 1 November and 26 December). The personal holiday on Good Friday was abolished in 2019, so Good Friday is a normal working day unless your agreement says otherwise.

What this means for a job seeker: expect a 40-hour week, 25 working days of leave and at least six weeks of sick pay. Check the agreement for overtime premiums and shorter rest periods.

Social security: what you pay and what you get

For salaried employees in 2026 the ÖGK table shows an employee share of 18.07% and an employer share of 22.51%, a combined 40.58%:[^47]

• Ceilings. The contribution ceiling (Höchstbeitragsgrundlage) is EUR 6,930 a month (about US$7,742 / JPY 1.22 million), and special payments are contributory up to EUR 13,860 a year (about US$15,484 / JPY 2.43 million).[^47] The unemployment share is lower for low incomes, and below the Geringfügigkeitsgrenze of EUR 551.10 a month only accident insurance applies.[^47][^30]
• Unemployment benefit (Arbeitslosengeld). 55% of daily net income. You need 52 weeks of insured work within 24 months, or 26 weeks within 12 months if you are under 25. The standard duration is 20 weeks, longer with more insured years, up to 52 weeks at age 50 with 468 weeks in 15 years.[^18] Periods abroad can be aggregated under EU rules and the Japan agreement.
• Pension. The retirement age is 65 with at least 180 insurance months, of which at least 84 come from gainful employment (§ 4 APG). The pension account rate is 1.78% (§ 12 Abs. 2 APG).[^18]
• Japan agreement. In force since 1 December 2025. It covers pensions and, for Austria, also sickness, accident and unemployment insurance.[^44]

What this means for a job seeker: about 18% of your gross pay goes to social security and the employer pays a further 22.5% on top. Keep your insurance records if you leave, because periods are aggregated under EU rules and the Japan agreement.

Taxes on employees

Income tax on wages (Lohnsteuer) in 2026 follows these brackets:[^48]

• Special payments (13th and 14th salary). Under § 67 Abs. 1 EStG the first EUR 620 (about US$693 / JPY 108,900) of special payments a year is taxed at 0%, and the next EUR 24,380 (about US$27,237 / JPY 4.28 million) at 6%, within the annual sixth (Jahressechstel). The EUR 620 applies once a year, not to each payment.[^18]
• Transport credit. The Verkehrsabsetzbetrag is EUR 496 (about US$554 / JPY 87,100) in 2026.[^49]
• Relief for researchers. The Zuzugsbegünstigung (§ 103 Abs. 1a EStG) gives a 30% allowance for five years on income from scientific work, on application, only for people whose move serves science or research. It is not a general expat relief.[^18]
• VAT. 20% standard rate and 10% reduced rate; since 1 July 2026 a 4.9% rate applies to a listed set of basic foods.[^18]

A salary offer is quoted per month and multiplied by 14, for example EUR 2,090 × 14 = EUR 29,260, and the two special payments are taxed at the 6% rate within the limit above.

No municipal income tax (vs Japan's 住民税)

Austria has no local income tax on wages like Japan's resident tax (住民税, juminzei). Your wages are taxed federally through Lohnsteuer, and we found no municipal income tax in the income tax act. Municipalities instead receive the Kommunalsteuer, a payroll tax of 3% that the employer pays (§ 9 KommStG).[^18] Vienna adds an employer levy, the Dienstgeberabgabe (nicknamed the "U-Bahn-Steuer"), of EUR 2 (about US$2.23 / JPY 351) per employee for every started week.[^50] Employees do not file a separate local tax return.

What this means for a job seeker: work out net pay from the brackets above, not from the gross salary in the advert.

Where to find jobs, recruitment agencies and job scams

Where to search. The AMS job portal at jobs.ams.at is the public employment service's vacancy database; EURES covers EEA-wide search, and karriere.at and willhaben jobs are among the commercial boards that loaded when we tested them. StepStone Austria returned an access-denied page, so we do not link it.[^51][^52][^53][^54] Our Austria job-board guide compares the channels, and the Germany job-board guide covers the neighbouring market.

Recruitment agencies. Under § 5 AMFG, placement by the entitled bodies is free for job seekers, and holders of the placement trade licence must place job seekers free of charge; we read it through a consolidated-law mirror, so check RIS once. Temporary agency work (Arbeitskräfteüberlassung) is governed by the AÜG, whose § 10 we read only from a search snippet, so treat it as likely. The temporary-agency collective agreement sets hourly minimums from 1 January 2026 of EUR 13.90 for groups A and B up to EUR 24.82 for group F, according to WKO.[^55]

Scams. Never pay for a job, a permit or training. Watchlist Internet keeps a list of job-offer scams that includes the domain jn-recruitment.at, and it has reported money-mule jobs offered on Telegram, TikTok and Instagram (26 February 2026), fake recruitment agencies that send malware in ZIP files, and a case in which a "test" bank account opened for a fake employer led to identity theft and money laundering.[^56][^57][^58][^59] Check the employer's legal name and career page, check that the advert also appears there, and send ID copies only after you have verified the employer. If you have been targeted, report it to Watchlist Internet and to the police. The WKO company directory firmen.wko.at loaded in our check and can help you confirm that a firm exists.

Final checks before you apply

• [ ] The CV is about two pages, tabular, latest job first, and in the language of the advert.
• [ ] I decided about the photo (customary, not compulsory) and left off my social security number and ID copies.
• [ ] If I need a permit, nationality and permit are two separate lines; as a non-EU applicant my gross pay meets the floor of my route.
• [ ] The cover letter is clear, about one page and does not repeat the CV.
• [ ] The advert names the collective-agreement minimum pay, and I know which agreement and group apply.
• [ ] I know the pay is quoted per month and paid 14 times, and I compared net pay.
• [ ] I will receive a Dienstzettel after I start and I know the notice and probation rules.
• [ ] I can ask for a Dienstzeugnis when the job ends.
• [ ] No one has asked me for a fee for a job or a permit.

How to use AIResume

Keep one master CV in AIResume and cut a German and an English version for each advert: use the advert's keywords, lead with your strongest result and add nationality and permit as two lines if you need a permit. Leave out your social security number, export a PDF and check it with our ATS-friendly CV guide before you apply.

Related AIResume guides

• Austria job-board guide
• Germany job-board guide
• Switzerland CV format guide
• Switzerland job-board guide
• Belgium CV format guide
• How to write an ATS-friendly CV

Sources

[^1]: WORK in Austria (ABA), career navigator: application documents

[^2]: ECB, euro foreign exchange reference rates

[^3]: ECB data portal, EUR/USD and EUR/JPY reference rates of 30 October 2026

[^4]: WKO, hiring staff correctly (employer guide, January 2026)

[^5]: RIS open data, AngG § 39

[^6]: RIS open data, ABGB § 1163

[^7]: RIS, Gleichbehandlungsgesetz (consolidated text)

[^8]: RIS open data, GlBG § 9

[^9]: RIS open data, GlBG § 24

[^10]: WKO, stating the minimum pay in job adverts

[^11]: RIS open data, GlBG § 10

[^12]: Parliament, answer to written question 6741/J (30 September 2026)

[^13]: Datenschutzbehörde decision DSB-D123.085/0003-DSB/2018 of 27 August 2018

[^14]: RIS open data, Strafregistergesetz 1968 § 10

[^15]: oesterreich.gv.at, criminal record certificate

[^16]: WKO Steiermark, how collective agreements work

[^17]: RIS open data, AVRAG § 2 (Dienstzettel)

[^18]: RIS, consolidated federal law via the open-data interface (AngG, AZG, ARG, UrlG, ABGB, ArbVG, AVRAG, EFZG, MSchG, BMSVG, APG, AlVG, AuslBG, NAG, EStG, KommStG, UStG), read 31 October 2026

[^19]: aais.at, ENIC NARIC AUSTRIA credential evaluation

[^20]: asbb.at, recognition of school certificates

[^21]: berufsanerkennung.at, ÖIF information on recognition

[^22]: Anlaufstelle Anerkennung, free advice on recognition

[^23]: HCCH, Apostille Convention status table

[^24]: Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, certificate of criminal record (updated 3 August 2026)

[^25]: WKO, salary tables for salaried staff in retail 2026

[^26]: WKO, wage tables for workers in retail 2026

[^27]: WKO, Metallgewerbe agreement 2026

[^28]: WKO, IT collective agreement 2026

[^29]: WKO, hotel and restaurant pay agreement 2026

[^30]: AMS, marginal-employment threshold (Geringfügigkeitsgrenze)

[^31]: World Bank, World Development Indicators: Austria (accessed 21 October 2026)

[^32]: AMS, labour-market overview (September 2026)

[^33]: Eurostat, monthly unemployment (une_rt_m), Austria

[^34]: Statistik Austria, population by citizenship and country of birth

[^35]: oesterreich.gv.at, registration certificate for EU citizens

[^36]: migration.gv.at, very highly qualified workers

[^37]: migration.gv.at, skilled workers in shortage occupations

[^38]: WKO, Fachkräfteverordnung 2026 (shortage occupation list)

[^39]: migration.gv.at, other key workers

[^40]: migration.gv.at, EU Blue Card

[^41]: migration.gv.at, Red-White-Red Card Plus

[^42]: MOFA Japan, working holiday

[^43]: BMEIA, working holiday visa

[^44]: MHLW Japan, Japan-Austria social security agreement

[^45]: MOFA Japan, Japan-Austria tax treaty

[^46]: MOFA Japan, Japanese nationals abroad (1 October 2025)

[^47]: ÖGK, social insurance contributions 2026

[^48]: USP, income tax brackets 2026

[^49]: USP, tax credits

[^50]: WKO, Vienna employer levy (Dienstgeberabgabe)

[^51]: AMS job portal

[^52]: EURES

[^53]: karriere.at

[^54]: willhaben jobs

[^55]: WKO, temporary-agency collective agreement 2026

[^56]: Watchlist Internet, job-offer scam list: jn-recruitment.at

[^57]: Watchlist Internet, money-laundering jobs on TikTok, Instagram and Telegram

[^58]: Watchlist Internet, fake recruitment agencies

[^59]: Watchlist Internet, identity theft instead of a dream job